Nutrition

Clif Bars are a delicious source of healthy energy and are full of essential vitamins and minerals. Made with high-quality, organic ingredients, Clif Bars are a perfect go-to food whether you’re on the bike or just need a quick snack at the office. They contain 10 grams of protein and are made with real fruit, nuts, and whole grains. They contain no hydrogenated oils or artificial flavors.

- The first Certified Gluten free waffles - Certified USDA organic single-serving wrapped waffles - 140 calories per 30 g package with 5 g of plant based protein

More versatile than other energy gels Honey Stinger Energy Gels may be consumed straight from the packet before or during activity, spread on toast, stirred into tea, or anything else you can think of. All flavors mix well with water to make a natural energy drink. When to Consume Honey Stinger Gels are optimized for efficient fueling before and during athletic efforts. Gels provide instant, honey-powered energy that lasts, which delays muscle fatigue and gives your body the power to achieve your goals. Acai Pomegranate Resembling our popular Pomegranate Passionfruit Energy Chews in taste; the delicious flavor of Acai Pomegranate will not disappoint. Certified Gluten-Free with organic tapioca syrup, organic honey, added electrolytes and a blend of natural acai and pomegranate flavors, this gel will keep you fueled for any athletic endeavor. Fruit Smoothie What could be better than our Fruit Smoothie Energy Chews? Our great-tasting Fruit Smoothie flavor in gel form. Certified Gluten-Free with organic tapioca syrup, organic honey, added electrolytes and a blend of natural fruit flavors, this gel will keep you fueled for any athletic endeavor. Vanilla Vanilla is one of the most widely used flavors around the world with a mild yet delicious taste, which made it a natural decision to include in our organic gel line. Certified Gluten-Free with organic tapioca syrup, organic honey, added electrolytes and natural vanilla, this gel will keep you fueled for any athletic endeavor. Mango Orange The flavor combination of tropical mangoes and perfectly ripe oranges will keep you energized for all adventures. Certified Gluten-Free with organic tapioca syrup, organic honey, added electrolytes and a blend of natural mango and orange flavors, this gel will keep you fueled for any athletic endeavor.

- The first Certified Gluten free waffles - Certified USDA organic single-serving wrapped waffles - 140 calories per 30 g package with 5 g of plant based protein

Fuel for Every Day Our classic honey waffles, now in a snackable size and a resealable bag. With a thin layer of honey sandwiched between two waffles, this favorite snack will satisfy your taste buds and keep you going as an afternoon snack, during your favorite activity, or with a cup of coffee. The Original Energy Waffle, Snackable-Size For years, similar waffles have been sold on street corners throughout Europe and eaten by professional cyclists, so we decided to create our own by sandwiching honey between two thin waffles. Honey Stinger Organic Waffles are easy to digest, certified organic and now available in a snackable size. When to Consume Honey Stinger Mini Waffles are the perfect snack to help you prepare and perform for all activities. The energy in waffles is released immediately and absorbed at a steady rate, which delays muscle fatigue and gives your body the power to achieve your goals. With the right balance of honey-powered carbs in a bite-sized format, you can fine-tune your fuel for your needs. Nature's Energy Source Utilizing an ingredient engineered by nature as opposed to in a laboratory has its benefits, like higher quality and no additional flavoring or coloring. We use honey, a natural form of energy and antioxidants, as the main carbohydrate source for all products. Research in endurance athletes has proven that a mixture of carbohydrates is better tolerated by the body, prevents fatigue and enhances performance more than a single carbohydrate form.

- Energizing jelly beans formulated to help you blast through any athletic endeavor - Includes carbohydrates to fuel your body during intense activity, electrolytes (sodium and potassium) vital for maintaining fluid balance, Vitamins B1, B2, and B3 to help burn carbohydrates and fat along with Vitamin C to protect muscles and cells against oxidative damage - Extreme flavors contain 50mg of caffeine and are not recommended for children, teens, or pregnant or nursing women. - Energize with one 1-ounce pack 30 minutes before activity and use additional beans as needed during the activity to sustain energy level - 24-pack of 1-ounce bags

The Perfect Energy Fuel Honey Stinger Energy Chews are formulated specifically for health-conscious individuals and athletes seeking a great tasting energy snack. These bite-sized chews include 70% RDA of Vitamin C and natural energy from honey. When to Consume Honey Stinger Chews are the bite-sized energy solution that helps you prepare and perform your best. These honey-powered chews release energy instantly and delay muscle fatigue by providing fuel that lasts. Chews are perfect for smaller, more frequent bites that taste great and are proven to work. Fruit Smoothie As Honey Stinger’s most popular energy chew flavor, our Fruit Smoothie blend includes cherry, orange and berry. A perfect option for those who can’t decide on just one flavor. Sweetened with organic honey and tapioca syrup, these chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. Cherry Blossom This classic cherry flavor will satisfy your taste buds. Sweetened with organic honey and tapioca syrup, these chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. Pomegranate Passionfruit Rich pomegranate and passionfruit flavors that are sure to make your mouth water for more. Not too tart and not too sweet, with just the right amount of goodness. Sweetened with organic honey and tapioca syrup, these chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. Orange Blossom A classic flavor for everyone to enjoy, our Orange Blossom Chews are wildly popular. Sweetened with organic honey and tapioca syrup, these chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. Pink Lemonade Enjoy the taste of summer all year long with Honey Stinger’s Pink Lemonade Chews. Using natural pink lemonade flavors to create the perfect mixture of sweet and tangy that everyone loves. Sweetened with organic honey and tapioca syrup, these chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. Strawberry As one of the three flavors in our best-selling Fruit Smoothie Chews, Strawberry is the number one requested chew and now available as its own flavor. These chews are sure to awaken the taste buds. Sweetened with organic honey and tapioca syrup, these chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. Caffeinated Limeade As Honey Stinger’s first caffeinated chew option, Limeade offers the taste of fresh lime and citrus burst without being too tart. Caffeinated with 32mg of white tea extract per package, comprised of 95% organic ingredients, and sweetened with organic honey. These chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with that extra boost of caffeine and multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. Caffeinated Cherry Cola Adding to Honey Stinger’s line of caffeinated chews, the Cherry Cola flavor offers a classic and refreshing taste that everyone will love. Caffeinated with 32mg of white tea extract per package, comprised of 95% organic ingredients, and sweetened with organic honey. These chews provide a natural and sustainable source of energy with that extra boost of caffeine and multiple carbohydrate sources: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose.

- Made with USDA-certified organic ingredients - Natural honey sandwiched between 2 thin waffles - Allergens: contains wheat & soy, may contain traces of eggs

The athletes and foodies in the Clif kitchen have crafted a different kind of energy bar. CLIF Nut Butter Filled Bars bring together two great energy foods – a delicious, creamy nut butter inside an organic energy bar – to deliver sustained energy. - Certified USDA organic, non GMO - Low glycemic (low glycemic-index foods digest slowly for prolonged levels of energy) - Does not contain partially hydrogenated oils, high fructose corn syrup, or artificial flavors

You're not done. You're a work in progress, building toward something great. That's why we made CLIF BUILDER'S with 20g of complete protein, with essential amino acids to help repair and build muscle. It's the great-tasting protein bar that makes every ingredient count — so you can get the most out of your workout.

Portable Recovery Snack This chocolate-coated protein bar doubles as a great-tasting meal replacement snack and after-workout recovery bar. The Protein Bar contains gluten-free ingredients and zero trans fats in combination with over 25% USDA Certified Organic honey, 10g of whey protein (20% RDA), 23 vitamins and minerals, calcium and antioxidants. Finally, A Great Tasting Protein Bar The Honey Stinger Protein Bar is the perfect bar for endurance training. It contains whey protein and 30% honey, making it the perfect way to restore glycogen levels after a long training day or post-race without upsetting your gut. A mix of sugars and protein is needed for both quick and long-lasting energy, and this bar does the trick. When to Consume Protein Bars contain the perfect amount of protein and carbs to refuel your body. The bar’s 30% honey provides a natural sweetness and helps stabilize your blood sugar to avoid a post-workout fog. Focusing on recovery helps your body build strength and allows you to perform your best, every time.

Tailwind stick packs are perfect for fueling on the go. Just tear and pour into a water bottle for 200 calories of Tailwind goodness, no mess, no fuss. - Complete calories, electrolytes, and hydration: Ditch the gels, chews, and pills, and go all day with just Tailwind. - No gut bombs: Stomach problems? You’ll love Tailwind. Unless you enjoy being doubled over, retching. - Tasty all day: Clean, light flavors taste better the longer you go. - Hydration pack love: Dissolves on contact with water and cleans up with a quick rinse. No film, aftertaste or science experiments! - All natural: Crystal clear with no dyes, preservatives or 4-syllable magical ingredients. USAGE Each serving is 100 calories. For endurance workouts, mix 2-3 scoops per 24 oz of water per hour. Adjust to your personal calorie needs during training, using hunger as a guide. When it’s dialed in, you’ll feel satisfied and energetic, not hungry or full. On hot days, keep the same calories per hour, but increase water. To use in combo with other foods, reduce Tailwind intake by the calories you’re consuming elsewhere to avoid overloading the gut. For shorter workouts (<2hr), you can use less Tailwind to taste. ALL NATURAL AND ORGANIC INGREDIENTS Dextrose (Glucose), Sucrose, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Sea Salt, Organic Flavor, Potassium Chloride, Magnesium Citrate, Calcium Carbonate Gluten free/vegan/no soy/no dairy

- Creamy nut butter nougat filling coated in caramel and rolled in crunchy nuts and seeds - Each bar contains 16g of protein and is rich in antioxidants to help recover from a workout, or to eat as a healthy snack - Salty, sweet, and savory, Nut + Seed bars provide energy and protein whenever you need it

- Use: Ideal for repeated hard training sessions - Increase the body's ability to adapt to high levels of physical stress - Improves aerobic performance, power, strength and enhance VO2 Max - Delivers 1500mg of Beta-Alanine - Modulate cortisol - Premium grade Rhodiola & Cordyceps

Caffeinated Tailwind meets all your calorie, hydration, and electrolyte needs just like you'd expect, plus it adds 35mg of caffeine per 100 calories. Caffeine is proven to significantly enhance high-intensity and endurance performance. - Caffeine boost when you need that extra kick - Complete calories, electrolytes, and hydration: Ditch the gels, chews, and pills, and go all day with just Tailwind. - No gut bombs: Stomach problems? You’ll love Tailwind. Unless you enjoy being doubled over, retching. - Tasty all day: Clean, light flavors taste better the longer you go. - Hydration pack love: Dissolves on contact and cleans up with a quick rinse. No film, aftertaste or science experiments! - All natural: Crystal clear with no dyes, preservatives or 4-syllable magical ingredients. USAGE Usage is similar to regular Tailwind except that we recommend limiting continuous use to 6 hours or less to avoid building up a high concentration. Each scoop contains 100 calories and 35mg of caffeine. For endurance workouts, mix 2-3 scoops per 24 oz of water per hour. Adjust to your personal calorie needs during training, using hunger as a guide. When it’s dialed in, you’ll feel satisfied and energetic, not hungry or full. On hot days, keep the same calories per hour, but increase water. To use in combo with other foods, reduce Tailwind intake by the calories you’re consuming elsewhere to avoid overloading the gut. For shorter workouts (<2hr), you can use less Tailwind to taste. Tailwind stick packs are perfect for fueling on the go. Just tear and pour into a water bottle for 200 calories of Tailwind goodness, no mess, no fuss.  ALL NATURAL AND ORGANIC INGREDIENTS Non-GMO Dextrose (Glucose), Non-GMO Sucrose, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Sea Salt, Organic Flavor, Potassium Chloride, Magnesium Citrate, Calcium Carbonate, Organic Caffeine Gluten free/vegan/no soy/no dairy

Skratch Labs Anytime Energy Bar is made with real ingredients such as fruits, nuts and quinoa. It has enough fuel to power you through endurance workouts and is tasty enough to be used as a snack any time of day.

The official bar of Ironman and USA Cycling - Simple, real food for real flavor - Certified gluten and dairy free, paleo friendly, and includes 9-12 ingredients that are recognizable and easy to pronounce

Motivation enhances mental and physical performance. It is made with a safe and effective synergy of natural energizing ingredients and is great to keep pace for hours without mental fatigue. Tyrosine is a rare but safe ingredient we use that is shown to improve performance under stressful conditions. The Guarana Seed Extract is released slowly over as long as four hours to give you sustained energy rather than the quick boost you get from coffee or other drinks. - All natural energy formula - Replace costly and unhealthy coffee drinks - Sustained energy without spikes and crashes - Banned Substance Free - Made with all natural veggie capsules

Our Electrolytes are a high-performance electrolyte blend of Sodium Chloride, Tri-Sodium Phosphate, and Sodium R-Lipoate. Electrolytes use Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and antioxidants to replenish what is used when you exercise. - Customize your hydration in this easy-to-take electrolyte capsule - Beat heat fatigue and muscle cramping - No artificial sweeteners, coloring, or flavors - Banned Substance Free - Made with all natural veggie capsules

Carbo-Fuel is quality fuel, immediate and sustained energy, and recovery nutrition for all of your athletic needs. Tasteless and colorless, it mixes easily in any juice or water. It works perfectly for carbo-loading before an event, as well as replacing muscle glycogen immediately after each training session. If protein, vitamins, and minerals are the building materials for your body, think of Carbo-Fuel as the gasoline for your body. Carbo-Fuel can be taken 30-40 minutes before activity for lasting energy without being weighed down by a heavy meal from traditional carbo-loading. You will not want to work out another day without it! - The cleanest source of sustainable energy for before, during, and after your activity - Easily carbo-load before you train or compete, and continue drinking your Carbs throughout the day - Sustained energy throughout competition and training - The same complex Carbs found in Brown Rice, but immediately and easily accessible - Aids recovery by replenishing Glucose levels after strenuous training to reduce stress and fatigue

Fast energy to keep you going! Bonk Breaker Energy Chews deliver delicious, bite-sized bursts of energy. - Two servings per pouch - 200% daily value of vitamin C - 240mg of Electrolytes in each packet - Gluten-free, and Dairy-free - Non-GMO

Hydration is power. Osmo Active Hydration is a during-exercise hydration drink that was developed to be the fastest way to rehydrate. Based on peer-reviewed science, the formula contains an optimized ratio of natural and functional ingredients like sucrose, glucose, and electrolytes and is flavored with real fruit to: - Increase power output - Improve endurance - Avoid cramping To maximize and sustain power, stay hydrated. As body-water drops, so does aerobic power; by the time you’re thirsty you’re already about 2% below optimal body water, which can result in an 11% reduction in power output. Individual body-water loss varies among athletes and according to exercise intensity and weather conditions. Most people, under most conditions, should drink 20-25 ounces of Osmo Active Hydration per hour of exercise (roughly one small or large water bottle). Lighter athletes or athletes exercising in cool weather conditions may only require 16-18 ounces an hour. Larger athletes or athletes exercising under hot and humid conditions may require up to 30 ounces an hour. As endurance athletes, our bodies produce power through aerobic metabolism. Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen-rich blood to flow to the muscles. As body-water drops (due to perspiration and respiration), blood “thickens”, which reduces heart-stroke volume. This means that if you don’t start your effort hydrated, you won’t be performing at your best. If you don’t replace body water rapidly during your workout, your heart rate can hold steady (or even rise), but power will drop (known as “Cardiac Drift”). In many cases, an athlete’s rate of fluid loss is greater than their body’s ability to replace it orally. What this all means is 1) you should start your workout fully hydrated, 2) you can’t wait until you’re thirsty before you start drinking, and 3) you should be drinking Osmo Active Hydration, because it’s been developed to be the fastest way to replace body-water orally. How is Osmo so fast at replacing body-water? To answer this question, we want to tell you about an American Chemist named Dr. Robert K. Crane. In 1960, Crane presented his discovery of the sodium-glucose cotransport system. Later, The Lancet called Crane’s discovery “…the most important medical advance this century.” In plain language, when glucose and sodium are present in the small intestine, water is drawn into the bloodstream at a much faster rate. Crane’s discovery of cotransport led directly to the development of oral rehydration therapy. Oral rehydration therapy has saved the lives of millions of people suffering from dehydration in underdeveloped countries since the 1980s. Crane’s scientific cotransport discovery paved the way for Osmo Active Hydration. We have studied, tested and perfected the science of oral rehydration, honing the ratio of sodium (and other electrolytes), glucose and the other natural and organic ingredients to maximize the rate of fluid absorption and palatability.

Created for daily use before and during training and competition, the new GU Energy Stroopwafel delivers all the nutrients needed to power your performance: quality carbohydrates (immediate and long-lasting energy from complex and simple carbohydrates), essential amino acids (prevent mental fatigue and repair muscle damage during long-duration activities), and electrolytes (replenish what’s lost when you sweat). The Stroopwafel is made with a layer of delicious syrup between two thin wafers, and it’s individually packaged to make it portable and easy to take on a ride or run.

Breaking a sweat? Grab some Nuun Sport! When you sweat, your body loses vital minerals and electrolytes that need to be replaced for healthy recovery and lasting performance. Nuun Sport provides a great balance of ingredients for mineral replenishment and optimal hydration before/during/after your workout. - 10 tablets per tube, 4 tubes per pack. Dissolve in 16oz. of water. - These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. - The Conservation Alliance flavors: Lemon Lime, Fruit Punch, Tri-Berry, and Strawberry Lemonade - People for Bikes flavors: Wild Berry + Caffeine, Fresh Lime + Caffeine, Watermelon, Citrus Fruit

- Where home-style baking meets sports nutrition - Named "Best of" by Competitor magazine 3 years running (06-08') - Great taste and great texture - Gluten and Dairy free

GOODBYE ACHY JOINTS & MUSCLES HALO accelerates joint recovery, reduces exercise-induced inflammation, and reduces downtime following overuse injuries. HALO provides comfort to muscles and joints that are sore and aching so you can train harder and recover faster. - Increases joint health & comfort* - Reduces inflammation & soreness* - Accelerates joint & muscle repair* *exercise-induced or following-exercise US PROVISIONAL PATENT #63229703 SO EFFECTIVE WE PATENTED IT Most everyone has heard of the benefits of curcumin, and plenty of athletes have tried it with little or no success. The main reason is because curcumin is very unstable. It spontaneously breaks down in the body before it gets where it needs to be to work. The technology that makes HALO special wasn’t available so we developed it. The key to realizing the benefits of curcumin is our proprietary Superba2® phospholipid delivery system that protects the curcumin from your body’s natural tendency to deactivate it, and allows it to be delivered and absorbed effectively. THE CUMULATION OF 18 YEARS OF RESEARCH WE CRACKED THE CODE Our proprietary delivery system not only protects the curcumin by keeping it stable in the body, it also allows it to be absorbed and delivered to where it works - inside cell membranes. The key to making curcumin effective is Superba2®, a special krill oil that protects curcumin from your body's natural tendency to deactivate it, and delivers both the curcumin and omega-3 phospholipids to cell membranes much more efficiently than fish/algal oils of any strength. Superba2® is uniquely compatible with cell membranes, so - even compared to other phospholipids - it reduces the process for membrane uptake from around 20 steps to 3-4 steps, getting curcumin and omega-3s where they need to be more efficiently, get fully absorbed, and produce anti-inflammatory effects. IMPROVES JOINT MOBILITY AND COMFORT REINFORCE THE WEAKEST LINK Joints and muscles bear the brunt of endurance training abuse. HALO’s Curcuminoids and Omega-3 phospholipids reduce late-onset soreness, exercise-induced inflammation, downtime following falls, and the impact of lingering minor injuries by signaling the musculoskeletal system to kickstart repair and adaptation processes, providing comfort to muscles and joints that are sore and aching from training or overuse. THE 95% PENALTY 95% of the population is deficient in omega-3s. That’s compounded by endurance exercise, impacting performance, mental processes, and recovery. Cardiovascular, cognitive, musculoskeletal—virtually no major body system is unaffected. Superba2™ omega-3 phospholipids are bioidentical to your cell membranes, so they don’t require additional processing steps for uptake. By improving membrane function, HALO supercharges endurance exercise capacity and energy production. DON’T LET ANYTHING SLOW YOU DOWN Almost every athlete has had training derailed by a nagging minor injury. That’s why we developed HALO, a proprietary combination of Curcuminoids, Astaxanthin, and Omega-3s that contributes to a full-body training foundation. More intense training, more effective recovery. FULL SYSTEM PROTECTION Omega-3s and curcuminoids efficiently populate cell membranes, where they are precursors and enhancers for signaling molecules that help maintain normal, healthy musculoskeletal tissue integrity and cardiovascular, cognitive, and immune functions. By managing inflammation-triggering enzymes and supporting cell membrane function throughout the body, HALO helps keep critical systems at peak efficiency to respond to your body’s need to perform. SOURCED FOR EFFICACY, PACKAGED FOR PROTECTION From the Superba2™ krill oil to the 95% pure curcuminoids from turmeric rhizomes, HALO’s effectiveness is rooted in its premium formula. Every component is sourced to maximize uptake and effectiveness, and the active ingredients are packaged in an amber glass bottle, which stabilizes and preserves notoriously vulnerable ingredients. A COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE SYSTEM The overlapping, system-wide nature of HALO’s performance benefits aligns with First Endurance’s comprehensive approach to endurance athletics. Our line of supplements supports every aspect of endurance training rather than just supplying sugar and salt during exercise and protein during recovery. HALO, MultiV, and Optygen are the equivalent of building a base of fitness, ensuring your body’s infrastructure is equal to the exertions and stress of dedicated endurance training.

Tasty, Portable Energy for Athletes GU Original Energy Gels pack quick, effective, and sustained energy to meet the demands of all types of activity, in a convenient packet small enough to fit in your pocket. - GU Energy Gels are crafted to supply both energy and key nutrients like electrolytes and amino acids to keep you feeling strong and energized - Provides quick, effective, and sustained energy to meet the demands of all types of activity - All energy gels are Vegan, gluten-free, and Kosher - Available in caffeinated and non-caffeinated flavors. Caffeinated flavors come with either 20mg or 40mg of caffeine

Perform at your highest potential with GU Energy Gel. The 3:1 ratio of maltodextrin and fructose spares your limited glycogen stores with a combination of slow and fast-absorbing carbohydrates. The electrolytes sodium and potassium are just what your legs crave to stay firing properly. Branched-chain amino acids speed recovery and reduce muscle damage, and of course the delicious flavors go down easy.

Release the hounds with GU’s version of rocket fuel—Roctane Energy Drink. The proven combination of glucose and fructose is the most easily and rapidly absorbed form of carbohydrate. And, a high electrolyte content is just what your legs crave to fire properly, while 35mg of caffeine stokes your central nervous system, increasing the release of free fatty acids into your bloodstream, and further sparing your limited glycogen stores. Plus, taurine and beta-alanine improve muscle endurance throughout the grinding hours of a road race, marathon, or triathlon. Branched-chain amino acids speed recovery and reduce muscle damage, histidine buffers against acidic byproduct, and of course the delicious flavors go down easy.

When you’re pushing yourself on the trail or road, you need an easy way to get both the hydration and energy you need to avoid bonking, stay energized, and keep competing. ROCTANE Energy Drink Mix is a carbohydrate intensive energy drink to help push the limits during ultra-distance and intense efforts. It contains the critical carbs and electrolyte replenishment that endurance athletes need to compete at high levels. - ROCTANE Energy Drink Mix is specifically formulated for the demands of long-duration and high-intensity activities. - Formulated with a blend of simple and complex carbohydrates, electrolytes, and BCAAs, ROCTANE Energy Drink Mix provides 250 calories per serving. - Carbohydrates (maltodextrin and fructose) that use non-competing pathways which can help maximize absorption, increase carbohydrate utilization, and diminish stomach distress, so you get energy that kicks in quickly and stays with you. - Sodium, the primary electrolyte lost in sweat that aids in hydration by maintaining fluid balance - Branched-chain amino acids (L-Leucine, L-Valine, and L-Isoleucine) which may reduce mental fatigue and decrease muscle damage while jump-starting recovery - Taurine can help maintain heart contractility and improve cardiac output during long exercise sessions